Once a controversial heavyweight boxing champion, Muhammad Ali nicknamed himself “The Greatest.” And maybe he was. After retiring from boxing, he became famous for his generosity. He devoted himself to humanitarian projects around the world, lending his name and celebrity presence to efforts to fight hunger and poverty. It is estimated that Ali helped feed more than 22 million people afflicted by hunger across the world. He generously shared his wealth, his time, and his considerable influence. For his efforts, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. His Muhammad Ali Center in Louisville focuses on peace, social responsibility, respect, and personal growth.

One of my favorite movies is “Pay It Forward,” with Kevin Spacey, Helen Hunt, and Haley Joel Osment. If you’ve seen the movie, you know it’s about generosity, perhaps the best movie ever made, highlighting this aspect of character. I’ve watched it a couple of times, and I’m sure I’ll want to see it again.

I believe generosity is an element of character strength because it’s not always so easy to sense the needs of others when you have your own burdens. Disappointment, pain, and loss have a way of focusing your mind inwardly. Additionally, people are remarkably different from one another, which makes communication, understanding, and appreciation challenging. In most cases, other people’s troubles are different from yours; you don’t know what these troubles are, which makes it hard to appreciate their situation. Imperfect people act imperfectly. Sometimes they’re thoughtless or careless, and the instinctive reaction is not a compassionate one. It can be hard to keep in mind that this is just another human being who struggles with life and feels pain just as you do.

Generosity is the willingness to give without expecting anything in return. You do it with a selfless and open-hearted attitude and a genuine concern for the well-being of others. You offer help, resources, or support to those in need. Beyond sharing material things, you can also give your time, attention, know-how, and understanding.

No one is immune from life’s unpredictable challenges. An act of kindness—even a small gesture—can make a difference. People who come to see you as caring and helpful will want to respond in kind. The relationships formed by acts of generosity can be meaningful and enduring, both in your personal life and at work. The people we work with—even customers—need us to be helpful. Children need us to share our support and wisdom.

What you can do to strengthen your generosity:

The more often you give, the stronger your capacity for generosity will get. While you may sometimes overlook opportunities to be generous, you can discuss your experiences with someone you trust and learn from them. Stick with it, and you’ll get stronger over time.

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In 1980, I researched Army training practices to write a manual for junior leaders on how to train soldiers. I traveled to various units to observe best practices. One of these was Special Forces training at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, NC, where I saw trainees who were challenged to display courage.

On the day I visited, they were being introduced to rappelling skills. About a dozen drill sergeants barked at the soldiers as they climbed the tower, learned how to tie a seat, and took their first descent over the edge. It was loud, chaotic, and stressful.

I decided I needed a closer look, so I climbed the tower myself. At the top, I witnessed young men struggling to maintain their composure under the pressure to perform and the fear of going over the side unassisted. I wondered if the stress created by the drill sergeants had a positive learning effect. I was jolted out of my musings by one of the sergeants who came up to me and said, “Well, Major, are you going to stand there and watch, or are you going over the side?”

With a challenge like that, how could I decline?

What he didn’t know was that I had mastered rappelling skills in the Army Ranger School. I had climbed 100-foot rock faces without safety ropes. I had rappelled down mountain cliffs numerous times.

So I quickly walked over, tied my seat, and went over the side. I negotiated the 30-foot distance in one leap, braking for a soft landing. I went to the bleachers and sat next to an old sergeant-major as I watched the trainees cope with their fear.

Soon, the session was over, and the sergeant-major invited me to stick around and watch the families of the cadre use the rappelling tower. This time, there was no shouting, only laughter and encouragement. It was just a bunch of women and kids having fun. I watched little ten-year-old girls playfully do what 20-year-old male Special Forces trainees struggled to do. The kids saw the rappelling tower as some super-cool jungle gym. They had no fear at all, so the rappelling activity was ridiculously easy. They climbed the tower over and over. They couldn’t get enough of it.

Leap the great leap, and you’ll cross the chasm.

For me, this experience illustrated that fear arises from our perception of the situation, which can vary from person to person. The rappel was exactly the same challenge for both the soldiers and the kids, but the soldiers had to face their fears in order to do it. They risked failure, humiliation, disqualification, and, they thought, personal injury. For those who succeeded—and not all of them did—it was a big deal. The training gave them a victory of courage and self-confidence.

The soldiers who successfully completed the many months of Special Forces training would later survive more challenges to their courage. In the end, they would become experts in dealing with fear—icons of mental toughness, ready for anything.

A Test of Courage

I’ve faced some interesting dangers in my life. In Vietnam, I was an advisor to Vietnamese infantry soldiers. This meant that I was involved in some kind of combat operation several times a week—airmobile assaults, search-and-destroy missions, night ambushes, and so forth.

I came under fire more times than I can remember, but I don’t remember being afraid. For me, the main feeling was irritation. I was angry that someone was trying to kill us and that I would now have to deal with it.

Mostly, I remember concentrating on managing all the activities related to close combat. I had to have a clear head to keep higher headquarters informed, assess the situation, communicate with my Vietnamese counterpart, direct movement and fire, deal with problems, request fire support or medical evacuation, and manage it when it arrived. Naturally, a person couldn’t do all that if he felt fear. If fear raised its ugly head, it had to be shoved aside. Lives depended on it.

A Different Kind of Fear

Fear is a healthy, natural emotion. It’s a whole-body alarm to help you sense danger so you can do what you need to do to avoid loss, harm, or death. The question is, when you’re threatened, what will you do next? Will you act to prevent loss, harm, or death? Will you take a chance to open a door of opportunity?

I find Norman Vincent Peale’s words empowering: “Too much caution is bad for you. By avoiding things you fear, you may let yourself in for unhappy consequences. It is usually wiser to stand up to a scary-seeming experience and walk right into it, risking the bruises and hard knocks. You are likely to find it is not as tough as you had thought. Or you may find it plenty tough, but also discover you have what it takes to handle it.”

What is courage?

When you feel discomfort or fear in an unknown or dangerous situation, courage is about thinking before you react. When faced with a worrisome situation, it’s natural to feel anxiety or fear—your body’s instinctive response. By setting aside your instinctive reaction long enough to think before you act, you can evaluate your situation—the risks and rewards—to decide what you should do and take effective action.

Why is courage important?

While fear is a natural and useful reaction to danger, if it continues to dominate your response, you probably won’t be able to do what needs to be done. Instead of retreating to safety, success will come from setting fear aside so you can evaluate the situation, take prudent risks, and deal with it.

What you can do to strengthen your courage

The idea in all these actions is to keep fear from becoming a paralyzing emotion. If you feel fear, pay attention to it, but then quickly put it aside long enough to assess the nature of the risk. What are the chances that bad things could happen? How bad? What are your choices? What are the risks and the benefits of these options? I recommend that you work with a coach to discuss your experiences and learn from them.

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